Insurance-Canada.ca - Where Insurance & Technology Meet

Battling Insurance Agent Fraud

Submitted by CaseWare RCM, Inc.

Insurance fraud is a constant challenge to the industry and can take on many appearances, from fraudulent claims to elaborate scams and conspiracies created by agents themselves or working with complicit policyholders. The fraud can be small, amounting to an individual payment of a few dollars, or it could be a highly planned scheme worth millions.

This white paper is to help insurance providers focus on one specific area of fraud that often receives less attention than padded claims or intentional damages on property, and that is fraud conducted by agents themselves. It outlines many different scenarios, real life examples of their prevalence in the industry and suggestions on how to counter these specific schemes.

Introduction

Insurance fraud is a constant challenge to the industry and can take on many appearances, from fraudulent
claims to elaborate scams and conspiracies created by agents themselves or working with complicit policyholders. The fraud can be small, amounting to an individual payment of a few dollars, or it could be a highly planned scheme worth millions.

The exact amount of insurance fraud is unknown globally, but a 2017 global survey by RGA suggests up to four per cent of all claims are fraudulent. The Insurance Information Institute in the United States reports fraud accounts for up to 10 percent of the property/casualty insurance industry’s incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses each year, or about $30 billion. The Federal Bureau of Investigation says healthcare fraud, both private and public, is an estimated three to 10 per cent of total healthcare expenditures, or somewhere between $77- and $259-billion.

Case Study: Co-ordinated insurance fraud means big losses

In April 2019, U.S. federal prosecutors charged 24 people in a scheme to defraud Medicare in a $1.2- billion scheme that involved unnecessary prescriptions for medical equipment, kickbacks and bribes in a system that used offshore call centres to upsell unnecessary prescriptions and medical equipment to Medicare recipients.

The accused “concocted an elaborate scheme to exploit the U.S. health care system by targeting Medicare beneficiaries, paying doctors for prescriptions, paying kickbacks and bribes, and in turn selling these prescriptions to DME companies to ensure that they could line their pockets,” IRS special agent Matthew Line said at the time.

The fraud saw 24 people charged, including those at the highest levels in five telemedicine companies, including their CEOs, COOs and associates; owners of durable medical equipment companies and three licensed medical professionals.

As part of the complex operation, doctors got kickbacks for prescribing unneeded back, shoulder, wrist and knee braces to elderly and disabled patients and charging the government’s Medicare program.

While this example may be among the largest uncovered, many schemes are for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Policyholders who face higher premiums ultimately carry the costs.

Source: Department of Justice.

Agent Fraud in Insurance

This white paper is to help insurance providers focus on one specific area of fraud that often receives less attention than padded claims or intentional damages on property to collect insurance claims, and that is fraud conducted by agents themselves.

It outlines many different scenarios and gives real life examples of their prevalence in the industry. The fraud could be a rogue agent working alone to swindle clients of additional premiums or defraud the insurance company in other ways, or it could be a conspiracy involving agents, staff and/or clients themselves.

Combatting these schemes will not only see lawbreakers prosecuted, but it could help insurers improve their bottom line and customer confidence, preventing a loss of reputation. In many cases, discovering fraudulent activities will come from increased vigilance, while in others, it may be a simple matter of following your instincts – you could be saving your company thousands in stolen funds and ensuring your customers get the coverage they expect.

Scheme: Misdirecting settlement cheques

Agents can create a misappropriation of funds by misdirecting settlement cheques such as matured endowment or paid-up policies, to the branch officer, to their homes, or to fictitious addresses.

This is done prior to the settlement cheque issue date when the agent may change the company policyholder’s
address of record to either his address or a fictitious address. Once the cheque is issued, the address is then changed back to the previous address.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Build a monitoring report that generates address changes prior to settlement dates. Further investigate if there is a change back to the prior address.
  • Further investigate if the address is in a location far from the first original address.
  • Request signed documentation of the settlement in order to compare signatures for potential inconsistencies.
  • Make verification calls to the policy holders.

Scheme: Pocketing insurance premiums

An agent collects the premium, but does not remit the cheque to the insurance company, leaving the customer with no coverage.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Supervisors or a dedicated customer service unit could perform regular calls to verify the reason behind the premium collection. The call might reveal a fraudulent scenario.
  • Send automated text messages or emails informing the customer for each amendment performed on the coverage. Ask customers to acknowledge/accept changes and follow-up with any changes that have not been accepted by the customer.
  • Educate customers not to sign forms with blank spaces that can be filled in later.

Scheme: Fictitious payees

An agent or clerk can change the beneficiary of record to a fictitious person and subsequently submit the necessary papers to authorize the issuance of the cheque.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Build monitoring reports using logical filters that highlight results whenever a change in the customer data occurs around the time of a payment to the person added.
  • Send electronic confirmations (SMS, email) to the insured for cheque authorizations.
  • Make customer data changes an option available for head office staff only. Agents can request customer
    data changes only when submitting a form signed by the customer and the agency representative.

Scheme: Deleting policies

An agent might perform a policy deletion in the system without the customer’s knowledge, after providing the customer with a printed policy.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Build a monitoring report that highlights cancelled policies that occur a short period after the policy is entered into the system.
  • For each cancelled policy, perform verification checks with the agent, cross check the agent information with the customer.
  • Have in place a cancellation form, detailing the reason for the cancellation, to be signed by the customer and the agent.
  • Check all cancelled policies monthly. Group cancellations by agent and look for cancellations that deviate from the normal expected average.

Scheme: Fictitious death

An agent might obtain a fictitious death certificate and request a death claim cheque. The agent receives the cheque and cashes it.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Request official signed medical documentation along with the claim request.
  • Crosscheck the potentially deceased records with the official data records issued by the authorities to verify the authenticity of the claim.

Case Study: Sell high, buy low insurance plans

Investigators say a licensed Miami insurance agent allegedly obtained and transferred more than 300 homeowner insurance policies without homeowners’ knowledge or consent and pocketed nearly $476,000 from the policy premium differences.

According to a statement from Florida Chief Financial Officer Jimmy Patronis, Claudia Odila Romoleroux, owner of RND Insurance Corporation, is accused of fraudulently obtaining more than $877,000 in premiums for 307 homeowner’s policies.

She is accused of using a portion of that money to pay for cheaper policies with inadequate coverage. If convicted, Romoleroux faces up to 25 years in prison.

Source: Insurance Journal

Scheme: False information

An agent may submit false information to obtain unlawful financial gain. For example, entering an improper date of birth to obtain a cheaper policy.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • On new policy applications for existing customers, cross check the data input by the agent with the existing information in the customer’s file or with information available through identity verification solutions.

Scheme: Fictitious policies

If a bonus incentive scheme is in place, the agent might try to inflate the number of policies sold by creating fictitious policies to bogus customers.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Build monitoring reports, which highlight inflated or unusual fluctuations from the historical activity of the agent.
  • Analyse all the policies entered into the system on non-business days.
  • Analyse the periods where the unusual fluctuations have occurred by crosschecking the sample with the additional information on the policies to verify the policy’s authenticity.
  • Perform on site visits to verify the accompanying documentation attached to the policies.
  • Check official residential records issued by the state authorities to verify the data accuracy of the policyholders.

Scheme: Pocketing premiums

The agent keeps the premium without entering the policy details in the system and providing the customer
with a fictitious policy.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Check the policies issued by the agents for any gaps in sequential policy numbers.
  • Educate the customers about the formal policy details including (Sequential Policy Number, bar code).
  • Educate the customers not to accept printed policies with blank sections.

Scheme: Sliding

Sliding is the term used for including additional coverage in the insurance policy without the knowledge of the insured.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Use analytic reports to identify when existing insurance coverage is linked to the consumer on the same day as other insurance products.
  • Use technology like anomaly detection and AI to find cases where the customer’s profile does not fit with the type of the insurance product.
  • Check if the time and date marked at the additional insurance coverage is not consistent with the existing insurance.
  • For each additional insurance coverage product differing from the existing one, the customer’s signature consent should be required.

Scheme: Churning

Dishonest agents might convince people to use the built-up value of their current whole life policy to buy a “better” policy even though their present life coverage is suitable. The agent gets a commission, but the policyholder must start over building up cash value.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Require that an agent provide a disclosure statement containing comparisons of the policies so customers can make informed decisions
  • Require agent and applicant to sign a form which includes reason for change
  • Review monitoring reports for agents/offices with high number of replacement policies

Case Study: Pocketing premiums from fictitious policies

In Fresno, California, unlicensed insurance agent Marlene Pineda, 34, was sentenced to 95 days in jail and five years of probation after pleading no contest to grand theft.

A consumer complaint received by the Investigation Division of the California Department of Insurance alleged Pineda stole $1,107 in insurance premiums from a client. Investigators discovered that Pineda sold commercial and auto policies to an additional eight consumers, misrepresented their information on insurance applications and misappropriated premium funds for her own use. The total amount stolen from all victims was$28,707.12.

Source: California Department of Insurance

Scheme: Worthless investments

Customers may be urged to invest in insurance-like instruments such as life policies taken out on sick or terminally ill people. (e.g. Viatical investments or promissory notes.)

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • The investors will require a review of the seller’s medical records to ensure the seller truly is a terminal patient. Have doctors review the records and actuarial charts.
  • Fraudulent promissory notes are sometimes issued on behalf of fictitious companies; in this regard, documentation should be crosschecked with valid official records.

Scheme: Twisting

An agent may urge a client to change policies prematurely by “twisting” the truth about the downside. This could negatively affect a policyholder that has an illness, injury or other medical condition.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Require customers to sign off on any policy changes including extra coverage and charges

Scheme: Internal conspiring

Fraudulent efforts to circumvent internal controls when there is collusion between the agent and other staff. Password sharing and weak IT controls can contribute to this problem.

Detecting and preventing the scenario:

  • Add another person from another department to authorize the contract or transaction by checking the physical documentation.
  • Perform frequent staff rotations of the authorizers.
  • Perform regular IT audits for unauthorized access, weak passwords etc.
  • Run monitoring reports looking for cases where personal information of payout recipients are the same as agents or employees.

Additional measures for preventing agent fraud

Insurance companies want to ensure consumer and shareholder confidence by showing they are aware and actively searching for areas where agents or stakeholders could be conducting fraudulent activities. In addition to the above recommendations, there are a number of additional ways companies can show due diligence:

Perform effective background checks

Perform background checks on every new agent or affiliate including using:

  • Credit Registry Checks to identify possible unpaid loans
  • Black/High-Risk Lists Checks to identify previous false claims and detected fraudulent attempts.
  • Criminal Record Checks to identify possible risky individuals

Perform periodic onsite agent office visits and verification

  • Frequent visits increase the perception of control and awareness of ethical conduct
  • Conduct frequent training programs focused on maintaining standards
  • Automate online verifications of data and transactions for a risk-based approach

Perform data accuracy verification to identify

  • Double data entries or those left blank
  • Data which falls outside the usual format for a particular entry (Example: ID – Letter, Number,
    Number, Number, Number, and Letter)
  • Data which does not contain the required number of characters
  • Data which follows sequential characters (Example: 123456789)
  • Data which follows repeated characters (Example: 111111111)

Insurance agent fraud may be a small part of your insurance company’s overall risk – but it is still something that requires your due diligence and an environment that makes it harder for agents to go rogue. CaseWare RCM offers a solution called Alessa to help screen transactions and ongoing business with agents and other insurance company staff.

Download the white paper (you may need to scroll to the bottom of the page for the button to access).

To learn more about Alessa can help your organization fight fraud and other forms of financial crimes, contact us.

Learn More

About CaseWare

CaseWare RCM Inc. is the maker of Alessa, a controls monitoring and compliance software solution. With deployments in more than 20 countries, Alessa is designed to help organizations ensure compliance to regulations, detect complex fraud schemes, and prevent waste, abuse and misuse. To learn more about how Alessa can be used to monitor claims and stop insurance fraud, visit https://www.caseware.com/alessa/industries/insurance/.

Source: CaseWare RMC Inc.